Beginner-Exploring-Linux
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Table of Contents
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- [Useful Terminal Commands](#Useful-Terminal-Commands)
Useful Terminal Commands
Here I will list a bunch of useful commands to make a central place to search for them. They are mostly notes to help me remember them all in my Linux exploring journey.
📁 File & Directory Management
| Command | Description |
| ——- | ————————– |
| ls | List files and directories |
| cd | Change directory |
| pwd | Show current directory |
| tree | Show directory tree |
| cp | Copy files/directories |
| mv | Move or rename files |
📄 File Viewing & Editing
| Command | Description |
| ———— | ———————- |
| cat | View file contents |
| less | Paginated file viewer |
| more | Basic file viewer |
| head | Show first lines |
| tail | Show last lines |
| watch | Run command repeatedly |
| nano | Simple text editor |
| vim / vi | Advanced text editor |
🔍 Search & Text Processing
| Command | Description |
| ——– | —————– |
| find | Search files |
| locate | Fast file search |
| grep | Search text |
| awk | Pattern scanning |
| sed | Stream editor |
| cut | Extract columns |
| sort | Sort text |
| uniq | Remove duplicates |
| wc | Word/line count |
🧠 Process & System Monitoring
| Command | Description |
| —————– | ———————— |
| ps | Show processes |
| top | Live process list |
| htop | Enhanced process viewer |
| btop | Enhanced process viewer |
| uptime | System run time |
| free | Memory usage |
| df | Disk usage |
| du | Directory size |
| kill | Stop a process |
| killall | Kill by name |
| systemd-analyze | Analyze boot performance |
| systemd-analyze blame | Analyze boot performance ordered by the time they took to initialise |
🌐 Networking
| Command | Description |
| ——- | —————— |
| ip a | Network interfaces |
| ip r | Routing table |
| ping | Test connectivity |
| ss | Socket statistics |
| curl | HTTP requests |
| wget | Download files |
| scp | Secure copy |
| ssh | Remote login |
| nc | Netcat |
📦 Package Management
Debian / Ubuntu (APT)
| Command | Description |
| ————- | ——————- |
| apt update | Update package list |
| apt upgrade | Upgrade packages |
| apt install | Install package |
| apt remove | Remove package |
Fedora / RHEL (DNF)
| Command | Description |
| ————- | ————— |
| dnf install | Install package |
| dnf update | Update packages |
| dnf remove | Remove package |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
pacman -Syu |
Update system |
pacman -S |
Install a package |
pacman -R |
Remove a package |
pacman -Rs |
Remove package and unneeded dependencies |
pacman -Rns |
Remove package, unneeded dependencies, and config files |
pacman -Ss |
Search packages |
pacman -Qi |
Package information |
pacman -Qs |
Search installed packages |
pacman -Sc |
Clean package cache |
yay -Syu |
Update system & AUR packages |
yay -S <pkg> |
Install a package from repos or AUR |
yay -R <pkg> |
Remove a package |
yay -Ss <pkg> |
Search for a package |
yay -Qi <pkg> |
Show package info |
yay -Qs <pkg> |
Search installed packages |
yay -Sc |
Clean package cache |
paru -Syu |
Update system & AUR packages |
paru -S <pkg> |
Install a package from repos or AUR |
paru -R <pkg> |
Remove a package |
paru -Ss <pkg> |
Search for a package |
paru -Qi <pkg> |
Show package info |
paru -Qs <pkg> |
Search installed packages |
paru -Sc |
Clean package cache |
openSUSE (Zypper)
| Command | Description |
| —————- | ——————– |
| zypper refresh | Refresh repositories |
| zypper update | Update packages |
| zypper install | Install a package |
| zypper remove | Remove a package |
| zypper remove --clean-deps | Remove package and unused dependencies |
| zypper search | Search for a package |
| zypper info | Package information |
| zypper repos | List repositories |
🔧 Disk & Hardware
| Command | Description |
| ——– | —————— |
| lsblk | List block devices |
| mount | Mount filesystem |
| umount | Unmount filesystem |
| blkid | Show UUIDs |
| dmesg | Kernel messages |
📜 Logs & System Info
| Command | Description |
| ————- | —————- |
| journalctl | View system logs |
| uname -a | Kernel info |
| hostnamectl | Hostname info |
| lsusb | USB devices |
| lspci | PCI devices |
🧰 Shell & Utilities
| Command | Description |
| ——— | —————————— |
| history | Command history |
| clear | Clear terminal |
| exit | Exit shell |
| stow | Manage dotfiles using GNU Stow |
💻 Version Control & Git
| Command | Description |
| —————— | ——————————— |
| git status | Show current repo status |
| git add --all | Stage all changes |
| git commit -m "" | Commit staged changes |
| git push | Push commits to remote repository |
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